Commentary: Bigger governments arent necessarily a bad thing

GENEVA: Last year, the World Economic Forums annual Global Competitiveness Report assessed 141 governments future-readiness and found that most rated poorly on this and other crucial long-term indicators.

Yet now that the pandemic-induced lockdown is wreaking havoc on the global economy and exposing the inadequacies of many institutions, an era of bigger – and perhaps bolder – government has arrived.

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Already, an estimated US$9 trillion has been pumped into the global economy to support households, stem job losses and keep businesses afloat. Now that some countries are beginning to emerge from lockdowns, their leaders have a unique opportunity to reshape the economy to provide better, greener and more equitable outcomes for all.

THE GREAT RESET

The crisis offers an opportunity for what the World Economic Forum has deemed the “Great Reset,” starting not at some point in the distant future but right now.

READ: Commentary: COVID-19 is our chance to shake up economics

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Building on the lessons learned during the 2008 financial crisis and its aftermath, many governments are attaching a range of meaningful conditions to bailouts and other rescue measures.

The short-term assistance being provided today can and should be leveraged to encourage more responsible business practices, save jobs, address inequality and climate change, and build long-term resilience against future shocks.

For example, owing to concerns about rising inequality and pressures on public budgets, France, Denmark, and Poland have denied government support to companies with headquarters in tax havens outside of Europe.

And the United Kingdom has banned dividend payments and restricted bonuses in companies accessing its loan scheme.

Governments are also attempting to safeguard jobs by providing incentives for companies to maintain employment levels.

READ: Commentary: China and India – the regions twin growth engines – are stuttering

US companies accessing Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act funds must maintain at least 90 per cent of their pre-pandemic employment levels until Sep 30. Japan has applied similar conditions in extending its employee-retention assistance to both small and medium-size enterprises and large corporations.

And Russia has introduced wage subsidies for companies that retain at least 90 per cent of their workforce. Meanwhile, Italy is implementing a temporary blanket ban on dismissals, not limited to companies accessing government funds.

While it remains to be seen whether these temporary restrictions will be effective at maintaining employment after they are lifted, they are providing a cushion – and a “fighting chance” – to workers in the midst of this unprecedented crisis and ahead of a future recovery.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY

Even in deeply distressed sectors, rescue measures are being designed to emphasise social and environmental responsibility and encourage more long-term thinking.

For example, now that the airline industry is facing a demand shock as a result of global travel restrictions, its pre-crisis business practices have come under scrutiny.

READ: Commentary: To facilitate regional air travel again, ASEAN needs to harmonise standards

Over the past decade, the largest airlines in the United States spent 96 per cent of their free cash flow on share buybacks, nearly double the rate of other S&P 500 companies.

Now, cash-strapped airlines wishing to access governments funds must not only cease stock buybacks and dividend payments until the end of 2021; they must also agree not to use involuntary furloughs or reduce pay rates until Sep 30.

Likewise, the French government has attached “green strings” to its €7 billion (US$7.9 billion) bailout of Air France-KLM, requiring the airline to commit to halving its carbon dioxide emissions per passenger and per kilometre, relative to their 2005 level, by 2030.

These instances of embedding long-term thinking into short-term measures are clearly steps in the right direction.

But, given the sheer scale of fiscal support being provided and rising concerns about inequality, climate change, unemployment, and public debt, the next wave of recovery measures should go even further.

Here, the European Commissions Next Generation EU crisis fund should be taken as a model for others to follow.

With €750 billion (US$845 billion) in grants and loans, it promises to usher in a fair and inclusive recovery by accelerating the transition to a green digital economy. Its basic conditions would help European countries shift away from declining heavy industries while supporting vulnerable workers.

But whether all EU member states will get on board remains to be seen.